Published April 13, 2022
| Version
v1
Dataset
Data and code for the manuscript "Mapping the dependence of BC radiative forcing on emission region and season" by Petri Räisänen et al. (submitted to ACP)
Contributors
- 1. Finnish Meteorological Institute
- 2. University of Helsinki
- 3. Finnish Environment Institute
- 4. Norwegian Meteorological Institute
- 5. CICERO Center for International Climate Research
Description
This dataset presents results from experiments, in which the dependence of black carbon (BC) radiative forcing on emission location and season has been systematically evaluated with the NorESM1-Happi climate model. Also provided are GrADS scripts and fortran programs employed to generate the results in the manuscript (Räisänen et al. 2022, submitted to ACP) in which these data are used. A related resource (a fortran-based tool for estimating the BC global-mean radiative forcing and associated temperature response based on the region and annual or monthly BC emission rates given by the user) is provided at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461647 (Räisänen 2022).
REFERENCE FOR THE MANUSCRIPT: Räisänen, P., Merikanto, J., Makkonen, R., Savolahti, M., Kirkevåg, A., Sand, M., Seland, Ø., and Partanen, A.-I.: Mapping the dependence of BC radiative forcing on emission location and season, Atmos. Chem. Phys., submitted, 2022
REFERENCE FOR THE TOOL AVAILABLE AT ZENODO: Räisänen, Petri: BC radiative forcing and climate response tool, version 1.0.0, Zenodo (code), https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461647, 2022.
Methods
NorESM1-Happi (Graff et al., https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-569-2019) was run at a horizontal resolution of ca. 1.9 x 2.5 deg (144 x 96 grid points) with 26 levels in the vertical. The model was run for years 2012-2017, and data is provided for 2013-2017. The experiments used prescribed sea surface temperature and sea ice. The model aerosol scheme was run in an offline mode, which means that the meteorological conditions are not influenced by the assumed aerosol emissions. This allowed for an essentially noise-free evaluation of the radiative forcing (RF) associated with changed BC emissions. To investigate how the BC RF depends on emission region and season, a very large number of experiments (960) was made, in which a fixed BC emission rate (1.E-12 kg m-2 s-1) was assumed separately for 192 regions (ca. 11.4 x 30 deg latitude-longitude boxes) and for five seasonal distributions of emissions. Evaluation of the methodology given in the manuscript showed that this approach works reasonably well for the BC direct RF and for the RF due to BC in snow, but not for the BC indirect effects on clouds. It should also be understood that NorESM1-Happi, like any climate model, is subject to model-specific biases that may influence the derived BC RF.Table of contents
The contents of the data files are described in the file "README_data.txt". The contents of the file containing code "fortran_programs_and_GrADS_scripts.zip" are described in "README_code.txt" as well as in README files included in the zip file. The terms of use for the data and the code are given in the files "License_data.txt" and "License_code.txt", respectively.Additional details
Identifiers
- URL
- https://etsin.fairdata.fi/dataset/e55cb058-b194-435e-933d-993024332366
- B2SHARE Legacy Record ID
- 6808480a473e437fa56f6bf05e8d6a8b
Funding
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
- Academy of Finland
- Business Finland
- Nordic Council of Ministers
- Research Council of Norway
FMI metadata
- Process step
- Time-averaged using CDO (https://code.mpimet.mpg.de/projects/cdo/)
- Source data
- Output files from NorESM1-Happi experiments, resolution 1.9 x 2.5 deg (144 x 96 grid points) in the horizontal, 26 levels in the vertical
- Model
- NorESM1-Happi (Graff et al. 2019; https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-569-2019).
- Parameter
- Data levels (meter, hectoPascal, degree, sigma pressure levels, other) in vertical direction(+/-) for example 1500 m or 850 hPa
- Resolution
- 13824
- Supplemental information
- CC-BY license applies to the data, MIT licence to the software
- Topic category
- climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
Parameter name
:
BC column burden
Parameter unit
:
kg m-2
Parameter description
:
c_bc
Parameter name
:
BC dry deposition rate
Parameter unit
:
kg m-2 s-1
Parameter description
:
dry_bc
Parameter name
:
BC emission rate
Parameter unit
:
kg m-2 s-1
Parameter description
:
emi_bc
Parameter name
:
Net (down-up) solar flux at the surface (in the calculation of aerosol indirect effect on clouds)
Parameter unit
:
W/m^2
Parameter description
:
fsns_aie
Parameter name
:
Net (down-up) solar flux at the surface (when the effect of BC is included both in snow and air)
Parameter unit
:
W/m^2
Parameter description
:
fsns_all
Parameter name
:
Net (down-up) solar flux at the surface (effect of BC inlcuded in snow but not in air)
Parameter unit
:
W/m^2
Parameter description
:
fsns_nobcair
Parameter name
:
Net (down-up) solar flux at the surface (effect of BC included in air but not in snow)
Parameter unit
:
W/m^2
Parameter description
:
fsns_nobcsnw
Parameter name
:
Net (down-up) solar flux at the top-of-atmosphere (in the calculation of aerosol indirect effect on clouds)
Parameter unit
:
W/m^2
Parameter description
:
fsnt_aie
Parameter name
:
Net (down-up) solar flux at the top-of-atmosphere (when the effect of BC is included both in snow and air)
Parameter unit
:
W/m^2
Parameter description
:
fsnt_all
Parameter name
:
Net (down-up) solar flux at the top-of-atmosphere (effect of BC included in snow but not in air)
Parameter unit
:
W/m^2
Parameter description
:
fsnt_nobcair
URL
:
Parameter name
:
Net (down-up) solar flux at the top-of-atmosphere (effect of BC included in air but not in snow)
Parameter unit
:
W/m^2
Parameter description
:
fsnt_nobcsnw
Parameter name
:
Fraction of surface area covered by land
Parameter unit
:
fraction
Parameter description
:
landfrac
Parameter name
:
Surface pressure
Parameter unit
:
Pa
Parameter description
:
ps
Parameter name
:
BC wet deposition rate
Parameter unit
:
kg m-2 s-1
Parameter description
:
wet_bc
Parameter name
:
BC deposition rate in the land model
Parameter unit
:
kg m-2 s-1
Parameter description
:
bcdep
Parameter name
:
Mass of BC in snow column (land model)
Parameter unit
:
kg/m2
Parameter description
:
snobcmcl
Parameter name
:
Mass of BC in top snow layer (uppermost 2 cm) (land model)
Parameter unit
:
kg/m2
Parameter description
:
snobcmsl
Parameter name
:
BC concentration (at the 26 model hybrid coordinate levels)
Parameter unit
:
kg m-3
Parameter description
:
bc
Parameter name
:
Layer pressure thickness (for 26 model layers)
Parameter unit
:
Pa
Parameter description
:
deltap
Parameter name
:
Layer all-sky SW absorption (effect of BC included in both snow and air) (for 26 model layers)
Parameter unit
:
W/m^2
Parameter description
:
swabs_all
Parameter name
:
Layer all-sky SW absorption (effect of BC included in snow but not in air)
Parameter unit
:
W/m^2
Parameter description
:
swabs_nobcair
Level
:
surface, top of atmosphere, or 26 hybrid vertical coordinate levels, depending on variable
Level unit
:
sigma pressure levels (from toa to surface)
Temporal Coverage
Ranges:
Start date: 2012-12-31
End date: 2017-12-30
End date: 2017-12-30