Published January 11, 2023
| Version
v2
Dataset
Bioclimate change across the protected area network of Finland
Description
11 key bioclimatic variables over Finland during the period 1961–2020 based on a gridded climatology. Mean values for periods 1961-1990 and 1991-2020, difference between mean_9120 and mean_6190 and significance (0/1) for the change. Files are in GeoTiff-format, i.e. consistent with gis software (R, ArcView and so on).
Variable list :
- Annual mean air temperature (°C) Average of daily mean air temperatures between 1 January and 31 December. Energy availability - species richness relationship, ranges and abundances of warm- vs. cold-adapted species3; completion of annual life cycle.
- Annual precipitation sum (mm) Sum of daily precipitation levels between 1 January and 31 December. Key factor for water-limited and water-dependent communities, joint driver with temperature to ecosystem productivity
- Growing season length (days) Count of days between the onset and termination dates of the thermal growing season. Thermal growing season is defined based on a daily mean threshold temperature of 5 °C following the methodology by Ruosteenoja et al. (2016) with an additional criterion that snow depth equals to 0 cm on the onset date of the thermal growing season. Completion of life cycle and successful population regeneration, key determinant of plant growth8; multiple insect species generations within a year
- Growing degree-day (GDD) sum (°C days) The cumulative sum of daily mean temperatures exceeding 5 °C during the growing season. Ranges and abundances of warm- vs. cold-adapted species, completion of life cycle and successful population regeneration.
- Number of drought days Count of days when daily precipitation level has been below 1 mm for more than 10 consecutive days between 1 April and 1
October. Increased plant drought stress and mortality, declined food and habitat resources for animals. - Water balance (mm) Precipitation minus evapotranspiration between 1 April and 30 September. Moisture resources for vegetation and insect host and nectar plants, alteration of top-down effects on animal food webs.
- Heat sum (°C days) The cumulative sum of 5-day running means of daily maximum temperatures exceeding 25 °C between 1 April and 1 October. Increased plant drought stress and mortality, declined food and habitat resources for animals.
- Number of frost days in spring Count of days with minimum temperature < 0 °C when snow depth equals to 0 cm between 1 April and 30 June. Energetic costs and cold injury due to lack of snow cover, changes in spring phenological events.
- Number of zero-crossing days Count of days with maximum temperature > 0 °C and minimum temperature < 0 °C between 1 January and 30 June. Increased frequency of biological thresholds crossing freeze - thaw cycling, energetic costs and cold injury,
- Number of snow-covered days Count of days with snow depth ≥ 1 cm between 1 September and 31 August. Duration of insulating snow cover, earlier vs. delayed warm-season resource gathering.
- Number of rain-on-snow days Count of days with daily mean temperature ≥ 0.5 °C, snow depth ≥ 1 cm and precipitation level ≥ 1 mm between 1 September and 30 June. Limited resource availability to mammals and birds, energetic costs and vegetation damage.
Additional details
Identifiers
- URL
- https://etsin.fairdata.fi/dataset/f3ca3e41-70f0-429f-a46f-3718d2b92353
- B2SHARE Legacy Record ID
- 0cf61af0801f4bf3a9d1336fcbbd324e
Related works
- References
- Other: Aalto Juha, Pirinen Pentti Jylhä Kirsti / New gridded daily climatology of Finland: Permutation-based uncertainty estimates and temporal trends in climate by Juha Aalto, Pentti Pirinen & Kirsti Jylhä; JGR Atmospheres 07 Apr 2016 / https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2015JD024651 (Other)
FMI metadata
- Source data
- https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/gridded-observations-on-aws-s3
- Parameter
- Data levels (meter, hectoPascal, degree, sigma pressure levels, other) in vertical direction(+/-) for example 1500 m or 850 hPa
- Resolution
- 1000
- Supplemental information
- Don't use versio1 files: change_sig...., because statistacal calculation method was not suitable for this data
- Topic category
- climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
Parameter name
:
change_sig_drought_sum
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
significance (0/1) for the change in drought days sum between periods 6190 and 9120.
Parameter name
:
change_sig_frost_days
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
significance (0/1) for the change in frost days sum between periods 6190 and 9120.
Parameter name
:
change_sig_gdds
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
significance (0/1) for the change in growing degree days sum between periods 6190 and 9120.
Parameter name
:
change_sig_gs_length
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
significance (0/1) for the change in growing season length between periods 6190 and 9120.
Parameter name
:
change_sig_heatsum
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
significance (0/1) for the change in heat sum between periods 6190 and 9120.
Parameter name
:
change_sig_maat
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
significance (0/1) for the change in mean annual temperature between periods 6190 and 9120.
Parameter name
:
change_sig_maps
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
significance (0/1) for the change in mean annual precipitation sum between periods 6190 and 9120.
Parameter name
:
change_sig_ros
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
significance (0/1) for the change in rain on snow day sum between periods 6190 and 9120.
Parameter name
:
change_sig_snowdays
Parameter unit
:
pure number
Parameter description
:
significance (0/1) for the change in snow days sum between periods 6190 and 9120.
Parameter name
:
change_sig_wab
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
significance (0/1) for the change in water balance between periods 6190 and 9120.
Parameter name
:
change_sig_zcd
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
significance (0/1) for the change in zero cross days sum between periods 6190 and 9120
Parameter name
:
drought_sum_6190
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
Average drough sum (1. Apr – 1. Oct) (see Description) in period 1961-1990
Parameter name
:
drought_sum_9120
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
Average drough sum (1. Apr – 1. Oct) (see Description) in period 1991-2020
Parameter name
:
drought_sum_diff
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
drought_sum_9120 - drought_sum_6190
Parameter name
:
gdds_6190
Parameter unit
:
°C days
Parameter description
:
Average growing degree day sum (see Description) in period 1961-1990
Parameter name
:
gdds_9120
Parameter unit
:
°C days
Parameter description
:
Average growing degree day sum (see Description) in period 1991-2020
Parameter name
:
gdds_diff
Parameter unit
:
°C days
Parameter description
:
gdds_9120 - gdds_6190
Parameter name
:
gs_length_6190
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
Average growing season length (see Description) in period 1961-1990
Parameter name
:
gs_length_9120
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
Average growing season length (see Description) in period 1991-2020
Parameter name
:
gs_length_diff
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
gs_length_9120 - gs_length_6190
Parameter name
:
heat_sum_6190
Parameter unit
:
°C days
Parameter description
:
Average heat sum (1. Apr – 1. Oct) (see Description) in in period 1961-1990.
Parameter name
:
heat_sum_9120
Parameter unit
:
°C days
Parameter description
:
Average heat sum (1. Apr – 1. Oct) (see Description) in in period 1991-2020.
Parameter name
:
heat_sum_diff
Parameter unit
:
°C days
Parameter description
:
heat_sum_9120 - heat_sum_6190
Parameter name
:
zcd_6190
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
Average number of zero-crossing days (1. Jan - 30. Jun) (see Description) in period 1961-1990
Parameter name
:
zcd_9120
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
Average number of zero-crossing days (1. Jan - 30. Jun) (see Description) in period 1991-2020
Parameter name
:
zcd_diff
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
zcd_9120 - zcd_6190
Parameter name
:
rain-on-snow_6190
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
Average number of rain on snow days (1. Sep -30.Jun) (see Description) in period 1961-1990
Parameter name
:
rain-on-snow_9120
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
Average number of rain on snow days (1. Sep -30.Jun) (see Description) in period 1991-2020
Parameter name
:
rain-on-snow_diff
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
rain-on-snow_9120 - rain-on-snow_6190
Parameter name
:
maps_6190 Average annual precipitation sum (see Description) in period 1961-1990
Parameter unit
:
mm
Parameter description
:
Average annual precipitation sum (see Description) in period 1961-1990
Parameter name
:
maps_9120
Parameter unit
:
mm
Parameter description
:
Average annual precipitation sum (see Description) in period 1991-2020
Parameter name
:
maps_diff
Parameter unit
:
mm
Parameter description
:
maps_9120 - maps_6190
Parameter name
:
snowdays_6190
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
Average ‘winter time’ snow days sum (see Description) in period 1961-1990
Parameter name
:
snowdays_9120
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
Average ‘winter time’ snow days sum (see Description) in period 1991-2020
Parameter name
:
snowdays_diff
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
snowdays_9120 - snowdays_6190
Parameter name
:
tmean_6190
Parameter unit
:
°C
Parameter description
:
Average annual mean temperature (see Description) in period 1961-1990
Parameter name
:
tmean_9120
Parameter unit
:
°C
Parameter description
:
Average annual mean temperature (see Description) in period 1991- 2020
Parameter name
:
tmean_diff
Parameter unit
:
°C
Parameter description
:
tmean_9120 - tmean_6190
Parameter name
:
frost-days_6190
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
Average annual minimum temperature (1.Apr - 30.Jun) (see Description) in period 1961-1990
Parameter name
:
frost-days_9120
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
Average annual minimum temperature (1.Apr - 30.Jun) (see Description) in period 1991-2020
Parameter name
:
frost-days_diff
Parameter unit
:
Pure number
Parameter description
:
tmin_9120 - tmin_6190
Parameter name
:
wab_6190
Parameter unit
:
mm
Parameter description
:
Average annual (1. Apr – 30. Sep) water balance (see Description) in period 1961-1990
Parameter name
:
wab_9120
Parameter unit
:
mm
Parameter description
:
Average annual (1. Apr – 30. Sep) water balance (see Description) in period 1991-2020
Parameter name
:
wab_diff
Parameter unit
:
mm
Parameter description
:
wab_9120 - wab_6190
Level
:
surface